Vitamins

VI.  Vitamin E Deficiency

  1. The only clear cut symptom of vitamin E deficiency in adult humans is increased fragility of red cell membranes
  2. Muscular dystrophy in chick, lamb, calf, pig and rat
  3. Subcutaneous exudates in chick and pig
  4. Liver necrosis in pig and rat
  5. Encephalomacia ill chick, mild neuronal degeneration in rat, monkey, possibly human
  6. Elevation of serum enzymes in chick, pig, lamb
  7. Fetal resorption, testicular degeneration in rat, mice
  8. Incisor depigmentation in rat and mice
  9. Ceroid pigments in rat, yellow fat in pigs
  10. Vitamin E deficiency conditions in relation to selenium
    1. Prevented by adequate selenium - muscle degeneration, exudates, liver necrosis
    2. Not prevented by selenium - hemolysis, fetal resorption, testicular degeneration, ceroid pigments

VII.  Vitamin E and Health Problems

  1. Adequate vitamin E appears to reduce incidences of retained fetal membranes and udder edema in dairy cows
  2. Malabsorption of fat may lead to vitamin E deficiency
  3. The theory that high doses of vitamin E may inhibit the aging process has not been substantiated
    1. Ceroid pigment formation can be reduced in rats by high doses of vitamin E
    2. Large doses of vitamin E over at least 3 months can increase peripheral blood circulation and increase walking capacity in the elderly
    3. There is presently insufficient evidence that supplemental vitamin E can prevent disorders including ulcers, cancer and heart disease
  4. Animal studies indicate vitamin E can prevent or hinder harmful effects of smog, cigarette smoke, and xenobiotics

VIII.  Vitamin E Toxicity

  1. Vitamin E appears to be one of the least toxic of the vitamins
    1. 400-800 mg of a-tocopherol equivalent have been taken for years without apparent harm
    2. Occasional symptoms reported at 800 mg to 3.2 g
      1. Muscle weakness, fatigue
      2. Double vision
      3. Gastrointestinal distress, nausea, diarrhea, flatulence

Vitamins




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